Solved exercise:
Q
1: Name the software required to make a
computer functional. Write down its two primary services.
Ans:
Operating System is also known as system software which is required to make the
computer system functional.
Memory
management and device management are the two primary services of the operating
system.
Q
2: How does the computer understand a program written in high-level language?
Ans:
A language translator like a compiler or interpreter is being used to understand
a program written in a high-level language. It converts the codes written in a high-level language(Source Code) to machine-understandable form(machine code) for
execution by the computer. We can depict this in the following diagram:
Q 3: Why is the
execution time of the machine code less than that of the source code?
Ans:
Source code is written in assembly or high-level language which requires a language
translator to convert it into machine code and then executed by the computers
whereas machine code is directly executed by the system without the intervention of
compiler or interpreter.
Q
4: What is the need for RAM? How does it differ from ROM?
Ans:
RAM is used to store data
temporarily while the computer is working. Whenever a software is launched the
required program and related data are loaded into RAM for processing. RAM
is also called main memory. It is faster than the secondary memory and is
volatile in nature, i.e. as long as the power is on to the computer; it retains
the data in it. As soon as the power supply is turned off, all the data stored in
RAM are wiped out.
RAM
is different from ROM, find below the list :
·
RAM is
abbreviated as Random Access Memory and ROM is abbreviated as Read-only Memory
·
RAM is
volatile in nature whereas ROM is non-volatile in nature.
· RAM is mainly used for temporary storage whereas ROM is mainly used for permanent storage.
Q
5. What is the need for secondary memory?
Ans:
Primary memory has limited storage
capacity and is either volatile (RAM) or non-volatile (ROM) in nature.
Therefore, a secondary memory is required for the permanent storage of the
data.
Secondary
memory has a larger storage capacity than primary memory as also it is cheaper
than primary memory.
Q
6. How do different components of the computer communicate with each other?
Ans:
Different components of the
computer communicate with each other through physical wires called buses. We have
mainly three types of buses:
i)
Control bus
ii)
Address bus
iii)
Data bus
A data bus is used for the transfer of data and communication between various components.
Q
7. Draw the block diagram of a computer system. Briefly write about the
functionality of each component.
Functionalities:
Input: The devices through
which control signals are sent to a computer are called input devices. These
devices convert the input data into a digital form for the computer system. Examples:
keyboard, mouse, scanner, touchscreen, etc.
Output: The devices which receive data from a computer
for display, printing, etc., are called output devices. Examples: Monitor
headphones, speaker, printer and projector, etc.
Storage
device: The computer needs memory
to store the instruction and data for use. There are mainly two types of memory
that are Primary Memory and Secondary memory.
Secondary
memory is also called a storage device which is used for the permanent
storage of data for further use.
RAM
and ROM are examples of the primary or main memory and hard disk, CD/DVD,
pen-drive, etc., are examples of secondary devices.
Control
Unit (CU): It controls the
execution of instructions. Interprets the instructions and guides data flow
through the computer’s memory, ALU, and Input/Output devices.
Arithmetic
Logic Unit (ALU): It performs
all the arithmetical and logical operations.
Central Processing Unit (CPU): It is known as the brain of the computer which
actually performs the processing task. It is also commonly called a microprocessor. The main function of the CPU is to receive data through programs
from the memory and performs the arithmetic and logical operations according to
the instruction and at last store the same in the memory.
Q
8. What is the primary role of the system bus? Why is the data bus bidirectional
while the address bus is unidirectional?
Ans:
The primary role of the system bus is
to transfer the data between components of a computer. The system bus is a set of
wires which further connected with the different components of a computer
system. There are basically three types of system buses :
a)
Control bus
b) Address bus &
c)
Data bus
As
we know data are transferred through the buses. Unidirectional means transfer
of data in one direction whereas bidirectional means transfer of data in both directions.
Data
buses are bidirectional as it has been used for read and write operation into
the memory and require a dedicated channel.
The address bus is unidirectional as the CPU identifies the storage location in the memory
where the next data is to be stored.
Q
9. Differentiate between proprietary software and freeware software. Name two
software for each type.
Ans:
|
Proprietary
Software |
Freeware
Software |
|
User needs to pay for using
such software. |
As the name suggests, it is
free for use. |
|
Source code is not available
in such type of software. |
Source code is available for
free customization in such software. |
|
User requires license to use
such software. |
Users are not requires any
license to use such software. |
Examples:
Proprietary
Software: Microsoft Windows and
macOS.
Freeware
Software: VLC Media Player and Skype.
Q
10. Write the main difference between a microcontroller and a microprocessor. Why
do smart home appliances have a microcontroller instead of a microprocessor
embedded in them?
Ans:
|
Microcontroller |
Microprocessor |
|
It is mainly used in embedded
system. |
It is mainly used in Computer
Systems. |
|
A CPU, a fixed amount of RAM,
ROM and other peripherals all embedded on a single chip. |
A processor (CPU) is embedded
in it. |
|
It consumes less power as
compared to the microprocessor. |
It consumes more power. |
|
It generally has more number
of registers as compared to the microprocessor. |
It has less number of
registers. |
CPU, RAM, ROM, and other required peripheral devices are already embedded in the microcontroller hence it requires less space to fit in any smart home appliances. Therefore, the microcontroller is extensively used in them instead of a microprocessor.
Q
11. Mention the different types of data that you deal with while browsing the
Internet.
Ans:
Different types of data that we
get during browsing the Internet, are as follows:
·
Structured
Data
·
Semi-structured
data
Unstructured data
Q
12. Categories the following data as structured, semi-structured, and
unstructured:
·
Newspaper
·
Cricket Match
Score
·
HTML Page
·
Patient
records in a hospital
Ans:
Newspaper: Semi-Structure data
Cricket
Match score: Structure data
HTML
Page: Unstructured data
Patient
records in a hospital: Structured
data
Q
13. Name the input or output device used to do the following:
a)
To output
audio
b)
To enter
textual data
c)
To make a hard
copy of a text file
d) To display the data or information
e)
To enter the audio
based command
f)
To build 3D
models
g)
To assist a
visually-impaired individual in entering data.
Ans:
a)
To output
audio – Speakers, Headphones.
b)
To enter
textual data – Keyboards
c)
To make hard
copy of a text file – Printers
d) To display the data or information – Monitors, display units.
e)
To enter audio
based command – Microphones.
f)
To build 3D
models – 3D Printers.
g)
To assist a
visually-impaired individual in entering data. – Braille keyboards.
Q
14. Identify the category (System, application, programming tool) for the
following software:
a)
Compiler
b)
Assembler
c)
Ubuntu
d) Text editor
Ans:
a)
Compiler – Programming tool
b)
Assembler – Programming tool
c)
Ubuntu – System Software (It is an OS)
d) Text editor- Application Software
* CBSE-Class XI Computer Science book has been referred to while solving this exercise.
0 Comments